Interactive research tool
Advanced model options
Configure the scenario and every active global parameter in the crisis-led integration model.
Simulated path
Integration over time
Model parameters
Change the mechanisms
Country identities, sovereignty predispositions, fiscal capacity, voting weights, and population shares remain fixed empirical inputs.
How integrated the EU is at the start.
Higher values begin the path closer to full integration.How closely the policy touches core national powers.
Higher values strengthen resistance to delegation.How strongly unresolved crisis pressure creates demand for EU action.
Higher values amplify the integrative pressure of a crisis.How much average pressure abroad spills across borders.
Higher values transmit more crisis pressure to other countries.How strongly security and strategic dependence restrict autonomous national action.
Higher values reduce usable national response capacity and increase pressure for common action.How strongly existing policy connections restrict autonomous national action.
Higher values reduce usable national response capacity and increase pressure for common action.The underlying capacity of national governments to absorb crisis pressure themselves.
Higher values reduce demand for common EU action; strategic and policy interdependence limit how much of this capacity remains usable.Legitimacy supplied by democratic control at EU level.
Higher values reduce resistance to delegation.Political reassurance produced by existing integration.
Higher values reduce resistance when EU institutions deliver benefits.Normal political activation around transferring authority.
Higher values raise resistance where EU identification is weaker.Political activation when institutional change does not match pressure.
Higher values make pressure-adjustment gaps more politically costly.How quickly existing integration increases EU identification.
Higher values make identity respond faster to integration.How quickly similar national experiences increase EU identification.
Higher values reward countries for experiencing similar pressure.How effectively existing EU institutions absorb crisis pressure.
Higher values make an already integrated EU dampen shocks more strongly.